VolumeII

Circuit dynamics, analog electronics, electromagnetics & RF

From RC/RLC and transistor circuits to E/B fields, Maxwell, waves, transmission lines, waveguides and S-parameters.

This volume first treats energy-storage dynamics and analog circuits, then builds the RF/microwave bridge from field physics rather than from isolated formulas: electrostatics, magnetostatics, Maxwell equations, electromagnetic waves, distributed circuits, waveguides, two-port descriptions, S-parameters and measurement.

II

Volume table of contents

Courses are arranged as a reading sequence. Available material opens normally; planned entries remain visible so the intellectual structure is explicit before the library is complete.

  1. 01CourseDY-01Available now

    RC & RL first-order dynamics

    1. 1.1Capacitors, inductors & stored energy
    2. 1.2First-order differential equations
    3. 1.3RC transients
    4. 1.4RL transients
    5. 1.5Time constants, poles & first-order filters
  2. 02CourseDY-02Available now

    RLC, second-order systems & resonance

    1. 2.1Second-order circuit equations
    2. 2.2Natural response, roots & damping regimes
    3. 2.3Driven response & step response
    4. 2.4Resonance, bandwidth & quality factor
    5. 2.5Time-domain & frequency-domain synthesis
  3. 03CourseAE-00Available now

    Diodes & nonlinear circuits

    1. 3.1The diode I–V law
    2. 3.2Piecewise & small-signal diode models
    3. 3.3Rectifiers
    4. 3.4Clamps & limiters
    5. 3.5Nonlinear DC bias point
  4. 04CourseAE-01Available now

    BJT, JFET & MOSFET fundamentals, bias and small-signal models

    1. 4.1BJT, JFET & MOSFET device families
    2. 4.2Operating regions & DC bias
    3. 4.3Transconductance & control variables
    4. 4.4Small-signal models
    5. 4.5Input/output resistance & model limits
  5. 05CourseAE-02Available now

    Single-stage amplifiers, followers & active loads

    1. 5.1Common-emitter & common-source stages
    2. 5.2Emitter & source followers
    3. 5.3Current mirrors
    4. 5.4Active loads
    5. 5.5Gain, loading & output swing
  6. 06CourseAE-03Available now

    Differential pairs, op-amps & feedback

    1. 6.1Differential pair
    2. 6.2Ideal & non-ideal op-amps
    3. 6.3Negative feedback
    4. 6.4Loop gain & closed-loop gain
    5. 6.5Stability intuition
  7. 07CourseAE-04Available now

    Frequency response, Miller effect, cascode & noise

    1. 7.1Transistor high-frequency models
    2. 7.2Poles and zeros in amplifiers
    3. 7.3Miller effect
    4. 7.4Cascode principle
    5. 7.5Noise sources & bandwidth trade-offs
  8. 08CourseEM-01Available now

    Electric field, potential & electrostatics

    1. 8.1Coulomb force and electric field
    2. 8.2Electric potential
    3. 8.3Gauss's law
    4. 8.4Conductors and electrostatic boundary conditions
    5. 8.5Capacitance and electrostatic energy
  9. 09CourseEM-02Available now

    Magnetic field & magnetostatics

    1. 9.1Lorentz force
    2. 9.2Biot–Savart law
    3. 9.3Ampère's law
    4. 9.4Magnetic vector potential
    5. 9.5Inductance and magnetic energy
  10. 10CourseEM-03Available now

    Maxwell equations, continuity & electromagnetic energy

    1. 10.1Faraday induction
    2. 10.2Displacement current
    3. 10.3Maxwell equations
    4. 10.4Charge continuity
    5. 10.5Poynting theorem & electromagnetic energy
  11. 11CourseEM-04Available now

    Electromagnetic waves, polarization & interfaces

    1. 11.1Derive the wave equation from Maxwell
    2. 11.2Monochromatic plane waves
    3. 11.3Polarization: ellipse, Jones & Stokes
    4. 11.4Interfaces & Fresnel amplitudes
    5. 11.5Power flow, R/T & wave impedance
  12. 12CourseRF-00Available now

    Distributed circuits & transmission lines from Maxwell

    1. 12.1From lumped circuits to distributed lines
    2. 12.2Solve the telegrapher equations
    3. 12.3Characteristic impedance
    4. 12.4Propagation constant, loss & distortion
    5. 12.5Transmission-line power flow
  13. 13CourseRF-01Available now

    Reflection, standing waves & Smith chart

    1. 13.1Reflection coefficient from the load boundary
    2. 13.2Standing waves and VSWR
    3. 13.3Input impedance along a transmission line
    4. 13.4Quarter-wave transformations
    5. 13.5Smith chart from the impedance–reflection map
  14. 14CourseRF-02Available now

    Waveguides, modes, cutoff & resonators

    1. 14.1Boundary conditions in hollow waveguides
    2. 14.2TE and TM modes
    3. 14.3Cutoff and dispersion
    4. 14.4Rectangular PEC waveguide
    5. 14.5Resonant cavities, stored energy and Q
  15. 15CourseRF-03Available now

    Two-port networks: Z, Y, h & ABCD

    1. 15.1Two-port references, currents and power
    2. 15.2Z and Y matrices from open/short experiments
    3. 15.3Hybrid h and inverse-hybrid g parameters
    4. 15.4ABCD transmission matrices and cascading
    5. 15.5Reciprocity, passivity and RF network measurements
  16. 16CourseRF-04Available now

    Scattering parameters & power-wave description

    1. 16.1Incident and reflected waves on a transmission line
    2. 16.2Reference impedance and wave renormalization
    3. 16.3Definition and extraction of S-parameters
    4. 16.4Reciprocity, passivity and scattering energy
    5. 16.5From V/I ports to normalized power waves
  17. 17CourseRF-05Available now

    VNA, calibration, Touchstone & uncertainty

    1. 17.1What a vector network analyzer really measures
    2. 17.2Calibration and RF reference planes
    3. 17.3SOLT, TRL and multiline TRL: selecting standards
    4. 17.4Touchstone data, complex phase and measurement uncertainty
    5. 17.5De-embedding and the complete VNA-to-DUT measurement chain
  18. 18CourseRF-06Available now

    Matching networks & passive microwave design

    1. 18.1L-section impedance matching: topology, exact derivation and VNA check
    2. 18.2Pi and T matching networks
    3. 18.3Single- and double-stub impedance matching
    4. 18.4Distributed resonators and microwave filters
    5. 18.5Microwave losses, bandwidth and practical constraints
  19. 19CourseRF-07Planned

    Oscillators, mixers & modulation building blocks

    1. 19.1Oscillation conditionsplanned
    2. 19.2Negative resistance and feedback oscillatorsplanned
    3. 19.3Mixing and frequency conversionplanned
    4. 19.4Amplitude/phase modulation basicsplanned
    5. 19.5Measurement of RF building blocksplanned

Course details

  1. 01

    RC & RL first-order dynamics

    Energy storage, differential equations, initial/final conditions, time constants, step response, first-order filters and measurement.

    Prerequisites
    Volume I foundations
    Level
    Foundational → intermediate
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Worked derivations + mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  2. 02

    RLC, second-order systems & resonance

    Second-order differential equations, damping, natural modes, resonance, Q, bandwidth, losses and transient/frequency-domain links.

    Prerequisites
    DY-01, SG-01
    Level
    Intermediate
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Worked derivations + mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  3. 03

    Diodes & nonlinear circuits

    Device I–V laws, bias point, piecewise models, rectifiers, clamps, limiters and the first nonlinear circuit approximations.

    Prerequisites
    CT-01, DY-01
    Level
    Intermediate
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Worked nonlinear solves + mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  4. 04

    BJT, JFET & MOSFET fundamentals, bias and small-signal models

    Device families and operating regions, bias stability, transconductance, input/output resistance and the transition from DC quantities to small-signal variables.

    Prerequisites
    AE-00, CT-01
    Level
    Intermediate
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Device comparisons + derivations + mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  5. 05

    Single-stage amplifiers, followers & active loads

    Common-emitter/source, followers, gain, loading, current mirrors and active-load design with worked device-level examples.

    Prerequisites
    AE-01
    Level
    Intermediate
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Biased stages + small-signal derivations + mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  6. 06

    Differential pairs, op-amps & feedback

    Differential gain, common-mode behaviour, ideal/non-ideal op-amps, loop gain, closed-loop design and stability intuition.

    Prerequisites
    AE-02, SG-01
    Level
    Intermediate → advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Derivations + mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  7. 07

    Frequency response, Miller effect, cascode & noise

    Poles/zeros, high-frequency transistor models, Miller multiplication, cascode isolation, bandwidth and electronic noise.

    Prerequisites
    AE-02, DY-02, SG-01
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    HF models + pole/zero derivations + Miller/cascode + noise exercises
    Open full syllabus
  8. 08

    Electric field, potential & electrostatics

    Coulomb’s law, electric field, potential, Gauss’s law, conductors, capacitance and electrostatic boundary conditions.

    Prerequisites
    Vector calculus basics, Volume I
    Level
    Intermediate
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Five complete derivations + 30 solved mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  9. 09

    Magnetic field & magnetostatics

    Lorentz force, Biot–Savart, Ampère’s law, vector potential, magnetic materials and inductive energy.

    Prerequisites
    EM-01, vector calculus basics
    Level
    Intermediate
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    5 complete chapters + 30 worked mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  10. 10

    Maxwell equations, continuity & electromagnetic energy

    Faraday induction, displacement current, Maxwell’s equations in integral/differential form, continuity equation and Poynting energy flow.

    Prerequisites
    EM-01, EM-02
    Level
    Intermediate → advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Five full chapters and 30 worked mastery exercises
    Open full syllabus
  11. 11

    Electromagnetic waves, polarization & interfaces

    Wave equation, plane waves, polarization, impedance of media, reflection/transmission and boundary conditions.

    Prerequisites
    EM-03
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Complete five-chapter EM wave sequence · 44 worked exercises
    Open full syllabus
  12. 12

    Distributed circuits & transmission lines from Maxwell

    Telegrapher equations, characteristic impedance, propagation constant and the physical transition from lumped circuits to distributed waves.

    Prerequisites
    EM-04, AC-02
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Complete distributed-line sequence · 50 worked exercises
    Open full syllabus
  13. 13

    Reflection, standing waves & Smith chart

    Reflection coefficient, VSWR, input impedance along a line, quarter-wave transformations and Smith-chart reasoning.

    Prerequisites
    RF-00
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Complete reflection, line transformation & Smith-chart sequence · 50 worked exercises
    Open full syllabus
  14. 14

    Waveguides, modes, cutoff & resonators

    TE/TM modes, cutoff, dispersion, rectangular waveguides, cavity resonators and physical mode interpretation.

    Prerequisites
    EM-04
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    PEC eigenproblem, TE/TM modes, cutoff, rectangular guides & resonators · 50 worked exercises
    Open full syllabus
  15. 15

    Two-port networks: Z, Y, h & ABCD

    Lumped two-port descriptions, port variables, reciprocity, cascading and when each matrix representation is useful.

    Prerequisites
    CT-01, AC-02
    Level
    Intermediate → advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    Port references, Z/Y and hybrid h/g parameters · 30 worked exercises
    Open full syllabus
  16. 16

    Scattering parameters & power-wave description

    Incident/reflected waves, reference impedance, S-matrix meaning, reciprocity/passivity and why S-parameters replace direct V/I descriptions at high frequency.

    Prerequisites
    RF-00, RF-03
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    —
    Open full syllabus
  17. 17

    VNA, calibration, Touchstone & uncertainty

    SOLT/TRL concepts, reference planes, cables/fixtures, Touchstone data and interpretation of measured S-parameters.

    Prerequisites
    RF-04
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    —
    Open full syllabus
  18. 18

    Matching networks & passive microwave design

    L/π/T networks, stubs, distributed matching, resonators, filters, losses and practical design constraints.

    Prerequisites
    RF-01, RF-04
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    50 worked exercises
    Open full syllabus
  19. 19

    Oscillators, mixers & modulation building blocks

    Feedback and negative-resistance oscillation, nonlinear mixing, frequency conversion, modulation and measurement-oriented RF blocks.

    Prerequisites
    AE-03, RF-04
    Level
    Advanced
    Chapters
    5
    Practice
    —
    Course chapters
    1. 01Oscillation conditionsplanned
    2. 02Negative resistance and feedback oscillatorsplanned
    3. 03Mixing and frequency conversionplanned
    4. 04Amplitude/phase modulation basicsplanned
    5. 05Measurement of RF building blocksplanned
    This course is planned: the outline above fixes its progression, but the lessons are not published yet.